Academic Grading Terms

A numerical value (0-10) assigned to a letter grade. Represents academic performance in a specific course.

An alphabetical classification (O, A+, A, B+, B, C, P, F) representing performance levels.

A unit measuring the academic weight of a course. Typically based on contact hours per week (1 credit ≈ 1 hour/week).

The number of hours per week a course meets. A 3-credit course meets ~3 hours/week.

Official document listing courses, grades, and credits for a semester.

Complete academic record across all semesters, showing courses, grades, and cumulative performance.

Additional marks granted by universities to help students meet passing requirements.

A subject in which a student has received a failing grade and needs to re-attempt.

Weighted average of grade points for all courses in a single semester.

See also:/calculator

Weighted average across ALL semesters.

See also:/sgpa-to-cgpa

General term for grade point average. In India, typically refers to SGPA or CGPA on a 10-point scale.

An average where each value contributes proportionally to its weight (credits). Higher-credit courses impact GPA more.

Converting CGPA to a percentage score. Common formula: Percentage = CGPA × 9.5 (CBSE).

See also:/cgpa-to-percentage

A flexible academic framework adopted by UGC allowing students to choose elective courses and earn credits.

India's regulatory body for university education that standardized the grading system.

All India Council for Technical Education. Governs engineering and technical education standards.

An academic term typically spanning 4-6 months. Most degree programs have 6-8 semesters.

A mandatory course that all students in a program must complete.

An optional course chosen by the student from a list of available options.

A course taken for learning without credit. Does not affect GPA.

The standard grading scale used in the US/Canada. A=4.0, B=3.0, C=2.0, D=1.0, F=0.

An organization that evaluates international academic credentials for North American equivalency.

A credit system used across European universities for student mobility.

Special classification for outstanding performance (typically CGPA ≥ 8.0 or ≥ 9.0 depending on university).